台灣文學英譯叢刊（No. 44）：杜國清專輯

Kuo-ch'ing Tu （杜國清） and Terence Russell（羅德仁） 編

這一專輯，譯介本叢刊的創辦者和主要編者杜國清一生的業績。在推展台灣文學上的重要角色之外，杜國清是一位著名的詩人和研究對象，也是台灣六○年代開始推動現代詩運動的重要詩人之一。然而，關於他的作品，英語讀者知道的很少，可惜這是由於歷史和審美趣味的原因。因此這一專輯，我們的用意在於提供杜國清作品的代表作以及一些研究論文的英文翻譯。如此，我們希望華文以外的讀者能夠有機會欣賞他的創作成就，以及瞭解他對華文現代詩發展的貢獻。

This very special issue of Taiwan Literature: English Translation Series is dedicated to the life work of the journal's founder and main editor, Tu Kuo-ch'ing. Apart from his important role in the promotion of Taiwan literature, Professor Tu is a celebrated and much-studied poet who has been one of the most significant poets in the Modernist poetry movement in Taiwan since the 1960s. However, very little of his work is available to English language readers. This is unfortunate for both historic and aesthetic reasons. Therefore, it is our intention with this special issue to provide a representative selection of Tu's poetic oeuvre, as well as a number of studies of his verse in English translation. Our hope is that in this way readers outside of the Chinese-speaking world will be afforded the opportunity both to enjoy Tu's outstanding accomplishment as a poet and to gain an understanding of his contribution to the development of Modernist verse in the Chinese language.

【About the Editors】
Kuo-ch'ing Tu, born in Taichung, Taiwan. His research interests include Chinese literature, Chinese poetics and literary theories, comparative literature East and West, and world literatures of Chinese (Shi-Hua wenxue). He is the author of numerous books of poetry in Chinese, as well as translator of English, Japanese, and French works into Chinese.

Terence Russell is Senior Scholar in the Asian Studies Center at the University of Manitoba. He has an interest in contemporary literature in Chinese, especially the literature of Taiwan's Indigenous people. Dr. Russell has been a regular contributor to Taiwan Literature: English Translation Series, and was the guest editor of Issue 24 on Taiwan Indigenous myths and oral literature.


【About the Translators】
Robert Backus received his Ph.D. in Oriental Languages from the University of California at Berkeley in 1963, and spent most of his academic career at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he retired in 1991 as Professor Emeritus of Japanese Literature in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies. His publications include a number of articles in the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies on Japanese Confucianism in the Edo period, the Kansei Reform and samurai education, and the career and thought of the Edo-period Confucian, Tsukada Taihō, together with a translation of his Seidō tokumon [Attaining the Gates to the Way of the Sage]. He also had a book of literary translation: The Riverside Counselor’s Stories: Vernacular Fiction of Late Heian Japan (Stanford University Press, 1985). Among other activities, he served as co-editor of Taiwan Literature: English Translation Series. Professor Backus passed away in November 2014.

John Balcom teaches at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in Monterey. Recent translations include The All-seeing Eye: Collected Poems by Shang Qin (National Museum of TaiwanLiterature) and The Great Flowing River: A Memoir of China, from Manchuria to Taiwan by Chi Pang-yuan (Columbia University Press).

Ivan Yung-chieh Chiang received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in foreign languages and literatures from National Taiwan University and his doctorate in translation studies from National Taiwan Normal University. Since 1996, he has been a freelance editorial assistant for The Taipei Chinese PEN quarterly, and his English translations of some works by Yuan Che-sheng and Li Ang were published in the quarterly. He is a winner of several Liang Shih Chiu Literary Awards and Council for Cultural Affairs Literary Translation Awards for translation of poems, essays, and short stories from Chinese to English. He is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, National Chung Hsing University in Taichung, Taiwan.

Yung-chun Hsiao graduated from the department of Chinese Literature at National Taiwan University in 2017 and is currently a second year master's degree student at the East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies Department at UC Santa Barbara. Yungchun's research interests lie in the literature of colonial Taiwan and translation studies. She studies the interrelations between languages, modernity, and colonialism that are reflected within literature.

Yingtsih Hwang is an independent scholar and translator based in Monterey.

Linshan Jiang is a Ph.D. student in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara. Her research interests are modern and contemporary literature and film in mainland China, Taiwan, and Japan, as well as interdisciplinary studies of memory and translation and emotion/gender studies. Her dissertation project focuses on women's wartime experience and memories in the 1930s and 1940s across the Asia-Pacific area through literature and film. She has published book reviews and translations about the interdisciplinary studies of memory and translation.

Terence Russell is Senior Scholar in the Asian Studies Center at the University of Manitoba. He has an interest in contemporary literature in Chinese, especially the literature of Taiwan’s Indigenous people. Dr. Russell has been a regular contributor to Taiwan Literature: English Translation Series, and was the guest editor of Issue 24 on Taiwan Indigenous myths and oral literature.

Foreword to the Special Issue on Tu Kuo-ch'ing／Kuo-ch'ing Tu
「杜國清專輯」卷頭語
Introduction to the Special Issue on Tu Kuo-ch'ing Terence Russell／Terence Russell
「杜國清專輯」導言

Critiques
Sinophone Literature and Shi-Hua Literature 華語文學與世華文學／Kuo-ch'ing Tu

Essays
Translation and the Translation of Poetry 翻譯與譯詩／Translated by Yung-chun Hsiao
From Modern Literature to Bamboo Hat 從《現代文學》到《笠》／Translated by Linshan Jiang
Confessions of a Mask: The Real and Unreal World of Poetry 假面的告白—詩的真假世界／Translated by Terence Russell
In Memory of My Colleague Robert Backus 悼念拔苦子教授／Translated by Yingtsih Hwang

Poetry
Love Imbued with Desire: Five Dreams 愛染五夢／Translated by Kuo-ch'ing Tu and Robert Backus
Pygmalion’s Soliloquy 裴格美良的獨語／Kuo-ch'ing Tu
Lyrics on Greek Mythology: Thirteen Poems 《希臘神弦曲》十三首／Translated by Kuo-ch'ing Tu and Robert Backus
Jade Smoke Collection: Twelve Poems 《玉煙集》十二品／Translated by Kuo-ch'ing Tu and Robert Backus
Missionary Arthur’s Drinking Song傳道者亞瑟的酒歌／Translated by Terence Russell
Variations on a Pastoral Theme 田園變奏曲／Translated by Terence Russell
To Baudelaire 致波特萊爾／Translated by Terence Russell
Correspondences: The Interpenetration of All Dharmas 萬法交徹／Translated by Kuo-ch'ing Tu and Robert Backus
The Gold Lion 金獅子／Translated by Terence Russell
Fireworks 煙花／Translated by Terence Russell
Ars Poetica 詩法／Translated by Terence Russell
After Viewing the Volcanic Crater of Mt. Aso 阿蘇火山口觀後／Translated by Terence Russell
Temple Bell: Comforting the Departed Souls 梵鐘．慰靈／Translated by Terence Russell
Little Angel of the Ice Sea 冰海小天使／Translated by Terence Russell
Travels in Canada: Three Poems 加拿大之旅三首／Translated by Terence Russell
As They Happened: Three Poems on the Tiananmen Incident 天安門事件紀實三首／Translated by Kuo-ch'ing Tu and Robert Backus
The Sunflower Student Movement 太陽花學運／Kuo-ch'ing Tu
Poets: Reflection on the Beautiful Island Incident 詩人—美麗島事件有感／Translated by Kuo-ch'ing Tu and Robert Backus
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum 中山陵／Kuo-ch'ing Tu
Jacaranda 紫花楹／Kuo-ch'ing Tu
Philosophy of the Cat貓的哲學／Kuo-ch'ing Tu

Studies
The Poetic Effect of Eros Rising: On the Erotic Writing in Tu Kuo-ch'ing's Love Imbued with Desire: Five Dreams 愛慾勃揚的詩教力量―試論杜國清情詩集《愛染五夢》／Translated by John Balcom
Where Does the “Visitor” Come from? ― On the Multinational Experience and Cultural Memory in Tu Kuo-ch'ing's Glimpses of Mountains and Rivers 「客」從何處來？―論杜國清《山河掠影》裡的跨國經驗與文化感懷／Translated by Ivan Yung-chieh Chiang
The Poetics of Tu Kuo-ch'ing's “Poems about Poetry” 杜國清「以詩論詩」的詩學觀點／Translated by John Balcom

About the Translators
About the Editors
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「杜國清專輯」卷頭語
 
杜國清
 
本叢刊自1996年創刊以來，持續至今已超過22年，共出版44集。作爲上世紀六○年代台灣《現代文學》作家群中的一員，我的作品與台灣文學這半世紀以來的發展，息息相關，而《叢刊》在最近幾集，譯介《現代文學》作家王文興、王禎和、白先勇之後，出版我的作品專輯，可以説是順理成章的事。同時，作爲詩人學者，我的詩路歷程和學術生涯長達四十多年，在新詩創作和詩論研究上所展現的成果，尤其是在中國古典詩與現代詩的交會點上，以及對中西傳統詩觀有所融匯貫通之處，回顧之餘，我相信，譯介我以中文創作的作品給一般英語讀者，似乎也該是時候了。
 
這一專輯的執行，非常感謝本叢刊的英文編輯羅德仁教授的協助和合作。我特地請他翻譯我早期的長詩和最近的一些散文評論。這一專輯的導言由他撰寫，對我的作品提出了相當獨到的見解。本來的計畫，希望盡量多選作品和論文，較全面地呈現我的代表作，結果數量上遠超過本刊通常的篇幅，不得不割愛。受到篇幅的限制，這一專輯只能發表一部分，而將其餘的另外出版一卷單行本。如此，希望選譯的作品，分成兩卷，能夠包含重要的詩作和評論，而無遺憾地展示出關於我的作品的實質内涵和多樣風格，讓讀者有一個較爲完整的瞭解。
 
詩作之外，對於未能收入這一專輯的作者和譯者，包括以下三篇：鄭恆雄的〈杜國清詩論的發展及詩作的顯現〉（作者本人翻譯）、朱天的〈以象示徵，與美同遊：杜國清象徵詩論研究〉（譯者施開揚Brian Skerratt）、王小平的〈萬法交徹．眾緣彙聚：杜國清的詩藝成就與研究述評〉（譯者羅德仁）。對以上三位作者和譯者，在此深表抱歉，但是無損於他們的學術見解、以及為翻譯所付出的功勞和貢獻，我會在另卷出版時再致謝意，並請涵諒。
 
我們非常感謝台灣研究中心，提供編輯作業上的協助，尤其是助理白安吉和蔡瑞齡的努力和辛勞。此外，臺大出版中心嚴嘉雲編輯的協力合作，英文編輯Fred Edwards的仔細校訂，以及論文作者的學術貢獻、譯者的配合及時完成任務，使這一專輯能夠順利出版，功不可沒，在在都是使我非常感謝的。
 
Foreword to the Special Issue on Tu Kuo-ch’ing
 
by Kuo-ch’ing Tu
 
T his journal launched its publication in 1996, and has been in publication for twenty-two years, with forty-four issues published to date. Associated with the writers of the Modern Literature group of the 1960s in Taiwan, my works have been closely related to the development of Taiwan literature for the past half century. Since this journal has recently published several issues on the Modern Literature writers, such as Wang Wen-hsing, Wang Chen-ho, and Pai Hsien-yung, it is logical (a matter of course?) to have this special issue on my works. At the same time, my career as a poet and scholar for more than forty years, my achievements in creative writing and studies of poetic theory, especially at the intersection of Chinese classical poetry and modern poetry, with a synthesis of poetic views East and West, have convinced me in retrospect that the time seems to have come to introduce my works written in Chinese to English readers in general.
 
For implementation of this special issue, I am very thankful to the co-editor of the journal, Professor Terence Russell, for his assistance and cooperation, especially in response to my request that he translate some of my long poems written in my early period as well as several recent essays. The introduction to this special issue is written by him, and his comments contain many insightful observations. The original plan was to select as many poems and studies as possible to introduce an all-round presentation of my works, but it turned out that this would take more than the normal space allowed for the journal so the number of selections had to be reduced. Limited by the space allowed, this issue can only present some of the selections, and leave the others to be included in a separate supplementary collection to be published shortly afterward. It is my hope that the pieces selected in the two volumes will include most of my important poems and studies and will satisfactorily represent the substance and diverse styles of my work so the reader will have a more well-rounded understanding.
 
The following three of the selected articles are not included in this issue:
 
• “The Development of Tu Kuo-ch’ing’s Poetic Theories and Their Poetic Realizations” by Jeng Hengsyung, translated by the author;
 
• “Image as a Symbol, Playing with Beauty: Tu Kuoch’ing’s Writings on Symbolism” by Chu Tien, translated by Brian Skerratt;
 
• “All Dharmas Interpenetrating as All Karmas Converged: An annotated bibliography of Tu Kuo-ch’ing’s Poetic Works” by Wang Xiaoping, translated by Terence Russell.
 
I am deeply obliged to the authors and translators, and the delay in publication will unlikely do any harm to their hard work, scholarship and contribution to translation, which I will amply acknowledge and express my sincere apologies when the second collection is published. I am very thankful to the editorial assistance provided by the UCSB Center for Taiwan Studies, especially the hard work and dedication of Angela Borda and Raelynn Moy. The collaboration of editor Yan Chia-yun at National Taiwan University Press, as well as our English copy editor Fred Edwards’ meticulous work, the scholarly contributions of the authors and timely cooperation from the translators are all essential components that have made the publication of this special issue possible. I am deeply indebted to their valuable contributions to the field and their gracious kindness to me.
 
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